College of Massage Therapists of British Columbia (CMTBC) Practice Exam

Which action is performed by the splenius capitis?

1. Flexion, Lateral flexion, Contralateral rotation

2. Flexion, Ipsilateral rotation

3. Extension, Lateral flexion, Ipsilateral rotation

4. Extension, Contralateral rotation

The correct answer is: Extension, Lateral flexion, Ipsilateral rotation

The splenius capitis is a muscle located in the back of the neck that primarily contributes to movements involving the head and neck. Its main actions include extension of the head and neck, lateral flexion towards the same side, and ipsilateral rotation, meaning it rotates the head or neck towards the same side of the body. During extension, the splenius capitis helps to pull the head backward, which is essential for maintaining an upright posture and looking upwards. Lateral flexion allows the head to tilt to the side, and ipsilateral rotation enables the head to turn in the direction of the muscle's contraction. This muscle is particularly important in various activities, including turning the head and looking around, which require these combined movements. The other options do not accurately represent the complete action of the splenius capitis. The inclusion of contralateral rotation in some options misrepresents the muscle's role, as this action involves rotating the head away from the side of the muscle that is contracting, which is not a function of the splenius capitis. Similarly, the mention of only flexion or combinations without lateral flexion or ipsilateral rotation does not encompass the full functional capabilities of the muscle.