Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used medications for the relief of pain, inflammation, and fever. Among the commonly reported side effects, gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are particularly prominent. These can include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and stomach pain. In some cases, long-term use of NSAIDs can lead to more serious conditions, such as peptic ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in individuals with pre-existing GI issues or in those who consume them in high doses.
This side effect is well-documented due to NSAIDs' mechanism of action, which involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a protective role in the gastrointestinal tract, so their reduction can compromise the mucosal lining, leading to irritation and subsequent discomfort.
While headaches, skin rashes, and weight gain can occur with various medications and may be associated with NSAID use in some individuals, they are not as consistently reported or as widespread as GI disturbances. Therefore, GI disturbances are recognized as a primary concern with NSAID therapy, making it the correct choice.