College of Massage Therapists of British Columbia (CMTBC) Practice Exam

In the context of the ROOS Test (EAST, AER), what is considered a sign of venous compression?

1. Numbness in fingers

2. Swelling and cyanosis

3. Pain in the shoulder

4. Weakness in grip

The correct answer is: Swelling and cyanosis

Swelling and cyanosis are indicative of venous compression during the ROOS Test, also known as the Eastern impulse test or elevated arm stress test (EAST). This test is designed to assess thoracic outlet syndrome and is particularly focused on understanding the effects of positional changes on blood flow and nerve function. When venous compression occurs, there is an impediment to venous return from the upper extremity. This results in an accumulation of blood and fluids, leading to swelling in the arm or hand. Cyanosis, characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin, occurs because the accumulated blood loses oxygen as it cannot return to the heart properly. Essentially, these signs suggest that the veins are being compressed, preventing proper circulation. Other options such as numbness in fingers, pain in the shoulder, and weakness in grip may point to various issues such as arterial compression or nerve involvement, but they specifically do not highlight the distinct signs of venous compression that swelling and cyanosis do. Understanding these symptoms is crucial for identifying the underlying causes of thoracic outlet syndrome and determining appropriate treatment approaches.