College of Massage Therapists of British Columbia (CMTBC) Practice Exam

During a physical examination, which finding suggests a possible herniated disc?

1. Paresthesia in the arm

2. Decreased range of motion in the hip

3. Swelling in the knee

4. Tenderness in the lower back

The correct answer is: Paresthesia in the arm

Paresthesia in the arm is a significant finding that can suggest a possible herniated disc, particularly in the cervical region of the spine. When a disc herniates, it can press on nearby nerves, leading to neurological symptoms such as tingling, numbness, or a "pins and needles" sensation in the areas that those nerves supply. In the case of a herniated cervical disc, this can manifest as paresthesia in the arms or hands, as the compressed nerve roots can interrupt normal sensory transmission. In contrast, decreased range of motion in the hip, swelling in the knee, and tenderness in the lower back may indicate other types of musculoskeletal issues or injuries, but they are not specifically indicative of a herniated disc. For instance, decreased hip range might relate to hip joint problems rather than spinal issues. Similarly, swelling in the knee typically points to conditions affecting the knee itself, and localized tenderness in the lower back could be associated with muscle strain or other spinal or soft tissue injuries rather than a herniated disc. Thus, the presence of paresthesia in the arm stands out as the most relevant finding in the context of possible disc herniation.